随着全球气候变暖和化石燃料耗竭等问题的日益严峻，可替代能源和可再生能源的研究受到越来越多的重视。近年来，一种能直接将化学能转化电能的发电装置——微生物燃料电池（Microbial fuel cell，MFC），以其特有的优点，逐渐成为新兴能源领域的研究热点。从MFC 的产电机理来看，阳极作为产电微生物附着的载体，不仅影响产电微生物的附着量，同时还影响电子从微生物向阳极的传递，对提高MFC 产电性能有至关重要的影响。一直以来，功率问题是影响MFC发展的瓶颈，选择具有潜力的阳极材料对提高MFC 的产电能力具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。 碳化钼（Mo2C）因其特殊的结构而具有与贵金属相似的性质，对很多反应呈现与贵金属类似的催化性能。已有研究表明，碳化钼对于加氢脱硫的反应、加氢脱氮反应，异构化反应和烃类转化与合成反应有良好的催化活性。因此，碳化钼等碳化物有望成为替代稀有贵金属的新型催化剂。本论文制备出钼及镍钼碳化物，用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、比表面积孔径分析（BET）以及电化学方法，考虑了制备材料的结构及其用作基于肺炎克雷伯氏菌MFC电极材料的性能。 以Mo2C作为微生物燃料电池阳极催化剂，考察了其电化学性能，并对其催化机理进行了初步分析。研究表明，碳化钼作为阳极催化剂，可以高效催化氧化MFCs运行条件下的发酵产物如氢气、甲酸、乳酸等，大大提高了微生物燃料电池的电能输出。 同时考察了Mo2C作为MFC的阴极催化剂的性能。研究结果表明，Mo2C对氧还原反应（ORR）有显著的催化作用，而且其催化效果随负载量增加而增强；当以肺炎克雷伯氏菌（L17）为产电微生物、2 g/L葡萄糖为燃料，双边催化剂的载量为6.0 mg/cm2 Mo2C时，该MFC的最大输出功率可达1.95 W/m3，为之前报道所对应的Pt阴极材料的Mo2C基MFC最大输出功率的81.5 %，Pt为双边催化剂的MFC的56.3 %。 制备出双金属的碳化物——镍钼碳化物（Ni/β-Mo2C），并用作微生物燃料电池阳极催化剂。研究表明，添加镍的碳化钼与碳化钼相比，其催化活性更高，更加有效地催化氧化一般发酵产物的氧化，而且还能够催化氧化电子穿梭体2,6-DTBBQ的氧化还原反应，加快其电子穿梭的速率。从而大大提高了微生物燃料电池的电能输出。 考察了Ni/β-Mo2C作为MFC阴极催化剂的性能。研究结果表明，Ni/β-Mo2C对ORR有显著的催化作用， 而且其催化效果随负载量增加而增强；载6.0 mg/cm2 Mo2C双边催化剂的MFC产电量相当于载0.5 mg/cm2 Pt催化剂MFC 产电量的78.3 %。

With the increase of organic wastes and the shortage of fossil fuels, more and more attentions are focused on environmental protection and alternative energy exploitation. Recently, microbial fuel cell (MFC), which can directly convert chemical energy of organic compounds into energy using micro organisms, has become a hot topic in the treatment of environmental pollution and the development of new energy devices. The development of MFCs has been limited by its low power output that depends to a great extent on the activity of electrode materials. Since transition metal carbides, typically those of group IV, have been reported to have Pt-like chemical activities and electronic properties. There have been many studies related to the development of transition metal carbides as electrocatalysts for hydrogen fuel cells. Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) is one of the most frequently studied compounds among the large group of transition metal carbide catalysts. Mo2C, either bulk or deposited on an inorganic support, shows excellent activity and selectivity in many catalytic processes, especially in hydrodesufurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), CO hydrogenation, and the partial oxidation of methane to syngas. In this thesis, molybdenum carbide and nickel molybdenum carbide were prepared, and their performances as electrode of MFC based on Klebsiella Pneumoniae were investigated by Xray powder diffraction patterns (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and electrochemical methods. β-Mo2C was prepared and used as anodic catalyst for MFCs. It is found that β-Mo2C as anodic electrocatalyst exhibits high activity towards the oxidation of several common microbial fermentation products and can be used as anodic electrocatalyst of the MFC based on Klebsiella pneumoniae. β-Mo2C was also used as cathode material. It is found that β-Mo2C has high activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the catalytic activity is enhanced with increasing the loading. When using Klebsiella pneumoniae as the electricigenic microorganism and 2 g/L glucose solution as anodic fuel, the maximum power output of the MFC using 6.0 mg/cm2 Mo2C as the anodic and cathodic catalysts is 1.95 W/m3. It is 56.3% of the maximum power output of the MFC using 0.5 mg/cm2 Pt. The composite of nickel and β-Mo2C (Ni/β-Mo2C) was prepared and used as anodic electrocatalyst of the MFC based on K. pneumoniae. It is found that Ni/β-Mo2C is capable of efficiently catalyzing the oxidation of the common microbial fermentation products, including formate, lactate and ethanol, as well as the redox reaction of the electron shuttle 2,6-DTBBQ, and thus the MFC using Ni/β-Mo2C as anodic electrocatalyst delivered a higher power density than the MFC using β-Mo2C as anodic electrocatalyst. Ni/β-Mo2C was also used as cathode material. It is found that Ni/β-Mo2C has high activity toward ORR, and the catalytic activity is enhanced with increasing the loading. The MFC using 6.0 mg/cm2 Ni/β-Mo2C as cathode and anode produces 78.3 % of the maximum power output of the MFC using 0.5 mg/cm2 Pt.